| 李彬,张翠玲.普通话声调在耳语和正常发音时的语音对比分析[J].中国康复,2016,31(6):408-411 |
| 普通话声调在耳语和正常发音时的语音对比分析 |
| Production and perception of Mandarin tones in whisper |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 耳语 普通话声调 时长 声强 元音共振峰 |
| 英文关键词: Mandarin tones whisper duration intensity vowel formants |
| 基金项目:国家社科基金重点项目（16AYY015）；西南政法大学科研资助项目（2015-XZRCXM003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：分析确定耳语时用以区分普通话声调的语音特征。方法：录取两位讲普通话的健康成人在正常发音和耳语时的朗读发音，通过声学分析提取测量普通话声调的声学参量，对比两种发音方式下声调语音表征的异同点。随后，采用10位健康成人听写字词，以检测所提取声学参量在区别耳语声调时的作用。结果：耳语比正常发音时第二第三声明显变长（P<0.01），所有声调、声强均增大（P<0.001），而且各声调下元音低频共振峰提高，但其中高频共振峰显著降低（P<0.03）。但这些声学特征差异在听写耳语时不能有效协助区分声调，听辨正确率均不超过51.5%。结论：耳语声调缺失基频作为主要区别特征，因此会调动并修改次要特征如时长和声强等，并辅以元音共振峰变化作为补偿机制，但是在耳语下这些改变仍需丰富有效的语境才能实现声调区分。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective: To examine and compare phonetic realization of Mandarin tones in whisper and in normal phonation, so as to identify cues to tonal contrasts in whisper at the absence of fundamental frequency. Methods: We extracted and measured pitch correlates of characters and words produced by two Mandarin speakers, and assessed their roles in tone perception. Results: Acoustic analysis showed that "pitch" duration and intensity were retained and enhanced in whisper. First formants of vowels were raised but formants at higher range were lowered. Tones in whisper were, however, perceptually unintelligible in simple contexts. Conclusion: Lack of fundamental frequency in whisper triggers a compensation mechanism for tonal contrasts. Even non-pitch-related correlates such as vowel formants are used in the mechanism. Modifications to the cues, however, are not sufficient for perception when only limited contexts are provided. |
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