| 吉莹,郭川,朱仕哲,庄任,钱雪,王庆雷,耿阿燕,阚超杰.不同感觉策略下认知-平衡双任务的年龄相关性差异分析[J].中国康复,2024,39(10):579-583 |
| 不同感觉策略下认知-平衡双任务的年龄相关性差异分析 |
| Analysis of age-related differences in cognitive-balance dual-tasks with different sensory strategies |
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| DOI：10.3870/zgkf.2024.10.001 |
| 中文关键词: 老年人 感觉策略 双任务 皮质激活 功能性近红外光谱技术 |
| 英文关键词: older adults sensory strategy dual-task cortical activation functional near-infrared spectroscopy |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3603604)；常州市卫健委青年人才科技项目(QN202244) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的：探索老年人与年轻人在不同感觉策略下执行认知-平衡双任务的平衡表现以及皮质激活特征分析。方法：招募健康年轻人19例和健康老年人20例分别纳入年轻人组和老年人组。自然站立于动静态平衡仪，佩戴功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS）采集帽，完成任务1“稳定平面闭眼站立同时进行减7倒数”、任务2“不稳定平面睁眼站立同时进行减7倒数”、任务3“不稳定平面闭眼站立同时进行减7倒数”3项任务。将双侧感觉运动区(SMC)、运动前区(PMC)和前额叶区(PFC)设置为感兴趣区（ROI），采用总稳定性指数(OSI)和皮质激活β值分别测量平衡能力和大脑皮质激活程度。结果：任务1中，老年人组的OSI大于年轻人组(P＜0.05)，年轻人组和老年人组的β值差异无统计学意义；任务2中，年轻人组和老年人组的OSI差异无统计学意义，老年人组的右侧SMC、右侧PMC和左侧PFC的β值高于年轻人组(P＜0.05)；任务3中，年轻人组和老年人组的OSI差异无统计学意义，老年人组的右侧SMC、右侧PMC的β值高于年轻人组(P＜0.01)。结论：双任务下老年人相较于年轻人更依赖视觉保持平衡。随着感觉策略复杂性的增加，老年人为了保持平衡，大脑皮质激活会代偿性增加，以提高中枢神经系统对感觉策略变化的处理能力。但由于脑老化、皮层功能下降，使得老年人皮层资源使用更容易到达上限。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective: To explore the balance performance and cortical activation characteristics in elderly and young individuals under different sensory strategies while performing cognitive-balance dual tasks. Methods:A total of 19 healthy young individuals and 20 healthy elderly individuals were recruited from the community. The participants naturally stood on a dynamic and static balance apparatus, wearing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) caps to measure cortical activity. They completed three tasks.Task 1 involved standing on a stable surface with eyes closed while performing serial subtraction by sevens.Task 2 involved standing on an unstable surface with eyes open while performing serial subtraction by sevens.Task 3 involved standing on an unstable surface with eyes closed while performing serial subtraction by sevens. The bilateral sensorimotor cortex（SMC）, premotor cortex（PMC）, and prefrontal cortex（PFC） were set as regions of interest (ROIs). The overall stability index (OSI) was used to measure balance ability, and the cortical activation β value was used to measure the degree of cortical activation. Results: In Task 1, the OSI of the elderly group was significantly higher than that of the young group (P<0.05), indicating poorer balance performance. There was no significant difference in the β values between the young and elderly groups, suggesting similar levels of cortical activation. In Task 2, there was no significant difference in OSI between the young and elderly groups. However, the β values of the right sensorimotor cortex (rSMC), right premotor cortex (rPMC), and left prefrontal cortex (lPFC) in the elderly group were significantly higher than those in the young group (P<0.05), indicating increased cortical activation in these areas for the elderly. In Task 3, the-re was no significant difference in OSI between the two groups, but the β values of the rSMC and rPMC in the elderly group were significantly higher than those in the young group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings suggest that under dual-task conditions, the elderly rely more on visual input to maintain balance compared to the young. As the complexity of sensory strategies in-creases, the elderly show compensatory increases in cortical activation to enhance the central nervous system’s processing ability for sensory strategy changes. However, due to brain aging and the decline in cortical function, the elderly reach the upper limit of cortical resource utilization more easily. |
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