| Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits, restricted repetitive behaviors, and sensory processing abnormalities, for which effective treatments are currently lacking. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, has gained increasing research interest as an intervention for ASD due to its favorable safety profile and good tolerability. This review systematically examines the clinical efficacy and neuroregulatory mechanisms of different rTMS frequencies (low-frequency ≤1 Hz, high-frequency >1 Hz) in children with ASD. Based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, both low-frequency and high-frequency rTMS demonstrates efficacy in ameliorating core symptoms of ASD. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying action mechanisms of rTMS and summarizes the limitations of current research alongside future directions, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and research framework for rTMS therapy in ASD. |
