| Early diagnosis and rehabilitation assessment of functional disorders after stroke remain a clinical challenge. Traditional neuroimaging techniques are limited by their temporal and spatial resolution. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers a non-invasive, high temporal resolution, and motion-tolerant approach, providing a new means to explore the mechanisms of stroke rehabilitation. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases from Janury 2000 to December 2023, using keywords such as “fNIRS”, “stroke rehabilitation”, and “neural plasticity”. Clinical studies and mechanism exploration articles were included, excluding those involving non-stroke populations. The studies confirmed that: fNIRS can dynamically capture the evolution of cortical activation patterns after stroke, revealing neural remodeling features such as contralateral compensation and bilateral balance recovery. It shows high sensitivity in the evaluation of robot-assisted training and rTMS efficacy. Neurofeedback technology significantly enhances the effect of motor imagery training. However, it still has limitations such as limited spatial resolution, susceptibility to physiological noise, and the lack of standardized data analysis procedures. fNIRS promotes the development of individualized rehabilitation strategies through real-time brain function monitoring. In the future, it is necessary to establish unified clinical application standards through multimodal fusion, algorithm optimization, and large-sample studies. |
