| Low back pain (LBP), a highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder globally, is closely associated with dysfunction of the core stabilization system. As a key component of the deep core stabilizing muscles, structural and functional abnormalities of the transversus abdominis (TrA) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LBP. This article systematically reviews the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the TrA, techniques for assessing its function, mechanisms linking TrA dysfunction to LBP, and rehabilitation strategies targeting the TrA. Current studies indicate that patients with LBP commonly exhibit reduced TrA thickness, delayed activation, diminished elastic function, and changes in related cortical functions. Interventions such as exercise training, neuromodulation, and biofeedback may alleviate pain by improving TrA function. However, the singularity of assessment methods, the heterogeneity in therapeutic efficacy of interventions, and the uncertainty surrounding the interaction mechanisms between cortical functional alterations and LBP remain to be further explored. Future research should integrate multimodal assessment technologies and individualized treatment protocols to advance precision rehabilitation for LBP. |
